Bokeh
I used two different technics for my two photos. For the first photo I used a wide aperture set my focus to manual. I made sure the the background of the leaf was fairly far back to maximize the background blur. For the second photo I used a camera with an AV setting and also manual focused on the spider.
Close Up
For the Close up photos I manually focused the camera on my subjects and went into photoshop and went under Filter: Blur: Iris Blur: to help soften the background. I also purposely set up my photos with the backgrounds fairly close to the subjects to avoid any Bokeh.
Foreground out of Focus
In the Foreground out of Focus I just manually focused on a subject in the back for both photos. The hard part was trying to find a suitable subject. You could also used some blur filters in photoshop if you choose.
